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	<title>CRCB &#187; political corruption</title>
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		<title>EU Taxpayers’ Contribution to Building the Orbán Kleptocracy</title>
		<link>http://www.crcb.eu/?p=3704</link>
		<comments>http://www.crcb.eu/?p=3704#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 17 Jun 2025 12:44:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tóth István János]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Publications]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Research Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Short Papers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EU funds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hungary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kleptocracy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political corruption]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political cycles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[public procurement]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[&#160; July 1, 2025 &#160; Tóth, I. J. (2025). EU Taxpayers’ Contribution to Building the Orbán Kleptocracy. CRCB Research Notes, 2025:2, CRCB. &#160; Research Notes: 2025:2 (PDF - revised version[26.03.2026]) read more]]></description>
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<p>July 1, 2025</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Tóth, I. J. (2025). EU Taxpayers’ Contribution to Building the Orbán Kleptocracy. CRCB Research Notes, 2025:2, CRCB.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Research Notes: 2025:2 (<a href="http://www.crcb.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/2025_research_notes_02_010725_04.pdf">PDF</a> - revised version[26.03.2026]) <a class='ecae-link' href='http://www.crcb.eu/?p=3704'>read more</a></p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Haveri cégek az Orbán rendszerben: árbevétel, profit, hozzáadott érték és osztalékfizetés</title>
		<link>http://www.crcb.eu/?p=2967</link>
		<comments>http://www.crcb.eu/?p=2967#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 29 Dec 2021 11:11:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tóth István János]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Publications]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Working Papers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cronyism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[empirical analysis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hungary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political corruption]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political favoritism]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.crcb.eu/?p=2967</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&#160; December 29, 2021 &#160; &#160; Össszefoglalás &#160; A tanulmányban 2004 és 2018 között legnagyobb közbeszerzési szerződéseket elnyerő cégek mintáján azt vizsgáljuk, hogy egyes cégtulajdonosoknak a 2010-ben hivatalba lépett magyar miniszterelnökkel és kormánya egyes tagjaival való rokoni vagy baráti kapcsolatai milyen hatással lehettek cégeik árbevételére, hozzáadott értékére, profitjára és a cégtulajdonosoknak az osztalékfizetéssel kapcsolatos döntéseire. [&#8230;]]]></description>
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<p>December 29, 2021</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Össszefoglalás</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>A tanulmányban 2004 és 2018 között legnagyobb közbeszerzési szerződéseket elnyerő cégek mintáján azt vizsgáljuk, hogy egyes cégtulajdonosoknak a 2010-ben hivatalba lépett magyar miniszterelnökkel és kormánya egyes tagjaival való rokoni vagy baráti kapcsolatai milyen hatással lehettek cégeik árbevételére, hozzáadott értékére, profitjára és a cégtulajdonosoknak az osztalékfizetéssel kapcsolatos döntéseire. <a class='ecae-link' href='http://www.crcb.eu/?p=2967'>read more</a></p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Political favoritism in public tenders in Hungary. Analysis of the odds of winning</title>
		<link>http://www.crcb.eu/?p=2925</link>
		<comments>http://www.crcb.eu/?p=2925#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Nov 2021 11:44:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tóth István János]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Publications]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Working Papers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cronyism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[empirical analysis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hungary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political corruption]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political favoritism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[public procurement]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.crcb.eu/?p=2925</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&#160; November 30, 2021 &#160; Tóth, I. J. and Hajdu, M. 2021. Political favoritism in public tenders in Hungary. Analysis of the odds of winning. Working Paper Series: CRCB-WP/2021:1. Budapest: CRCB. The paper investigates the crony system in Hungary based on data of more than 227,000 public tenders from 2005 to 2020. The paper’s novelty [&#8230;]]]></description>
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<p>November 30, 2021</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Tóth, I. J. and Hajdu, M. 2021. Political favoritism in public tenders in Hungary. Analysis of the odds of winning. Working Paper Series: CRCB-WP/2021:1. Budapest: CRCB.</p>
<p>The paper investigates the crony system in Hungary based on data of more than 227,000 public tenders from 2005 to 2020. The paper’s novelty is the analysis of odds of winning of crony and ordinary companies in public procurement that is a new approach to measure the strength of <a class='ecae-link' href='http://www.crcb.eu/?p=2925'>read more</a></p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Tesztelés, politikai korrupció és Covid-19 halálozás</title>
		<link>http://www.crcb.eu/?p=2895</link>
		<comments>http://www.crcb.eu/?p=2895#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Nov 2021 11:58:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tóth István János]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Presentations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Publications]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Covid-19]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political corruption]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.crcb.eu/?p=2895</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&#160; November 6, 2021 &#160; Tesztelés, politikai korrupció és Covid-19 halálozás (Testing, political corruption and Covid-19 mortality) Előadás a &#8220;Munkagazdaágtani kutatások 2021&#8243; konferencián Szirákon (Presentation in the conference &#8221;Labor Economics Research in Hungary 2021&#8243;,  Szirak, Hungary)  (PDF) &#160; Suggested citation: &#160; Tóth, I. J. (2021, November 5). Tesztelés, politikai korrupció és Covid-19 halálozás (Testing, Political Corruption and [&#8230;]]]></description>
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<p>November 6, 2021</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Tesztelés, politikai korrupció és Covid-19 halálozás (Testing, political corruption and Covid-19 mortality)</p>
<p>Előadás a &#8220;Munkagazdaágtani kutatások 2021&#8243; konferencián Szirákon (Presentation in the conference &#8221;Labor Economics Research in Hungary 2021&#8243;,  Szirak, Hungary)  (<a href="http://www.crcb.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/2021_teszteles_politikai_korrupcio_covid_19_halalozas_211106_0901.pdf" target="_blank">PDF</a>)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Suggested citation:</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Tóth, I. J. (2021, November 5). Tesztelés, politikai korrupció és Covid-19 halálozás (Testing, Political Corruption and <a class='ecae-link' href='http://www.crcb.eu/?p=2895'>read more</a></p>
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		<item>
		<title>Tesztelés, politikai korrupció és Covid-19 halálozás</title>
		<link>http://www.crcb.eu/?p=2854</link>
		<comments>http://www.crcb.eu/?p=2854#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Jun 2021 16:23:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tóth István János]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Publications]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Research Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Short Papers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Covid-19]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EU]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mortality rate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[OECD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political corruption]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.crcb.eu/?p=2854</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&#160; 2021. június 8. &#160; Tóth I. J. 2021. Tesztelés, politikai korrupció és Covid-19 halálozás. [Testing, political corruption and Covid-19 mortality. ] CRCB Research Notes: 2021:2, Budapest: CRCB. https://bit.ly/3cqeHsn Abstract The paper deals with the impact of political (grand) corruption and government measures against the pandemic on the Covid-19 mortality rate using data of EU27 [&#8230;]]]></description>
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<p>2021. június 8.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Tóth I. J. 2021. <i>Tesztelés, politikai korrupció és Covid-19 halálozás. [<em>Testing, political corruption and Covid-19 mortality. ]</em></i> CRCB Research Notes: 2021:2, Budapest: CRCB. <a href="https://bit.ly/3cqeHsn">https://bit.ly/3cqeHsn</a></p>
<p>Abstract</p>
<p>The paper deals with the impact of political (grand) corruption and government measures against the pandemic on the Covid-19 mortality rate using data of EU27 and OECD countries. The share of the positive tests within all tests is considered an indicator of government measures&#8217; impact. We use the data of the World Bank and Our World in Data. The political corruption is measured by the 2019 <a class='ecae-link' href='http://www.crcb.eu/?p=2854'>read more</a></p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>An explanatory model on the reorganization of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and on the expropriation of its research institutes</title>
		<link>http://www.crcb.eu/?p=1786</link>
		<comments>http://www.crcb.eu/?p=1786#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 01 Mar 2019 10:00:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tóth István János]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Publications]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Research Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Short Papers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cronyism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EU funds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hungarian Academy of Sciences]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hungary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political corruption]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.crcb.eu/?p=1786</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&#160; May 30, 2019 &#160; CRCB. 2019. An Explanatory Model on the Reorganization of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and on the Expropriation of its Research Institutes. CRCB Research Notes: 2019:6, Budapest: CRCB. This short analysis deals with a possible interpretation scheme of the real objectives of the Hungarian government with the forced transformation of [&#8230;]]]></description>
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<p>May 30, 2019</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>CRCB. 2019. An Explanatory Model on the Reorganization of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and on the Expropriation of its Research Institutes. CRCB Research Notes: 2019:6, Budapest: CRCB.</p>
<p>This short analysis deals with a possible interpretation scheme of the real objectives of the Hungarian government with the forced transformation of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS) and the destitution of the network of its research institutes in 14 points. With this <a class='ecae-link' href='http://www.crcb.eu/?p=1786'>read more</a></p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Corruption cases and white elephants in Hungary</title>
		<link>http://www.crcb.eu/?p=1661</link>
		<comments>http://www.crcb.eu/?p=1661#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Jan 2019 22:03:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tóth István János]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Publications]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Research Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Short Papers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hungary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political corruption]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[white elephant]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.crcb.eu/?p=1661</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&#160; January 14,  2019 &#160; Corruption cases and white elephants. Lessons of some EU funded projects in Hungary.  CRCB, Budapest, 2019. (in Hungarian, pdf) read more]]></description>
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<p>January 14,  2019</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Corruption cases and white elephants. <i>Lessons of some EU funded projects in Hungary.  </i>CRCB, Budapest, 2019.</p>
<p>(in Hungarian, <a href="http://www.crcb.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/eu_fund_white_elephants_2019_paper_190122_.pdf">pdf</a>) <a class='ecae-link' href='http://www.crcb.eu/?p=1661'>read more</a></p>
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		<item>
		<title>In the Footsteps of a Kleptocratic State. A Presentation at the Budapest Science Meetup</title>
		<link>http://www.crcb.eu/?p=1221</link>
		<comments>http://www.crcb.eu/?p=1221#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 12 Nov 2017 14:13:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tóth István János]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Presentations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Publications]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[corruption risk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political corruption]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[public procurement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Viktor Orban]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.crcb.eu/?p=1221</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&#160; November 9, 2017 &#160; A rablóállam nyomában: magyar közbeszerzések empirikus elemzése 2009-2016. Előadás a Budapest Science Meetup-on (PDF) Abstract In the presentation, we examined the effect of friendship and family ties with the Hungarian Prime Minister (Viktor Orbán) on the intensity of competition in public tenders won by companies owned by his close friends and family [&#8230;]]]></description>
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<p>November 9, 2017</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>A rablóállam nyomában: magyar közbeszerzések empirikus elemzése 2009-2016. Előadás a Budapest Science Meetup-on (<a href="http://www.crcb.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/science_meetup_2017_tij_hm_presentation_171109.pdf" target="_blank">PDF</a>)</p>
<p>Abstract</p>
<p>In the presentation, we examined the effect of friendship and family ties with the Hungarian Prime Minister (Viktor Orbán) on the intensity of competition in public tenders won by companies owned by his close friends and family members. The analysis is based on more than 151,000 Hungarian public procurement tenders from 2009 <a class='ecae-link' href='http://www.crcb.eu/?p=1221'>read more</a></p>
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		<item>
		<title>Consultacy with the Commission of Budgetary Control of European Parliament</title>
		<link>http://www.crcb.eu/?p=1152</link>
		<comments>http://www.crcb.eu/?p=1152#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 20 Sep 2017 18:11:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tóth István János]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Databases]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Presentations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Publications]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[corruption risks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cronyism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[data]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dataset]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[intensity of competition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political corruption]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[public procurement]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.crcb.eu/?p=1152</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&#160; September  18, 2017 &#160; The head of CRCB participated as an expert in the consultation with the Commission of Budgetary Control of the European Parliament on Monday, September 18th, in Budapest, and presented the CRCB&#8217;s research results on corruption risks, intensity of competition, and the phenomenon of political favouritism in Hungarian public procurement. The [&#8230;]]]></description>
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<p>September  18, 2017</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>The head of CRCB participated as an expert in the consultation with the Commission of Budgetary Control of the European Parliament on Monday, September 18th, in Budapest, and presented the CRCB&#8217;s research results on corruption risks, intensity of competition, and the phenomenon of political favouritism in Hungarian public procurement.</p>
<p>The presentation: (<a href="http://www.crcb.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/ep_cont_2017_crcb_presentation_170918_.pdf" target="_blank">PDF</a>)</p>
<p>The handout: (<a href="http://www.crcb.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/ep_cont_2017_handout_170918_.pdf" target="_blank">PDF</a>)</p>
<p>Data publication. The list of public tenders won by Orban&#8217;s close friends and <a class='ecae-link' href='http://www.crcb.eu/?p=1152'>read more</a></p>
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		<item>
		<title>Rent Extraction and the Rule of Law. The Case of Hungarian Residence Bonds’ Law</title>
		<link>http://www.crcb.eu/?p=885</link>
		<comments>http://www.crcb.eu/?p=885#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2015 13:50:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tóth István János]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Publications]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Research Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political corruption]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political favoritism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rent extraction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rule of law]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.crcb.eu/?p=885</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&#160; This research note examines the history and background of the Hungarian Residence Bonds’ Law. We conclude that the residence bond legislation is an example of the violation of the rule of law, of its connection with rent-seeking, and of possible appearance of political corruption. This case is a clear manifestation of what form, what [&#8230;]]]></description>
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<p>This research note examines the history and background of the Hungarian Residence Bonds’ Law. We conclude that the residence bond legislation is an example of the violation of the rule of law, of its connection with rent-seeking, and of possible appearance of political corruption. This case is a clear manifestation of what form, what special means, and what consequences political favoritism can have and can operate with in a given <a class='ecae-link' href='http://www.crcb.eu/?p=885'>read more</a></p>
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